Watch Log Files in Realtime
A very useful tool in any kind of troubleshooting is checking out the log files. Whether you’re troubleshooting a system problem, monitoring a mail server or simply checking the visitors for a web server the log files are your best friend. There are a few ways to handle this.
Probably the most common command used to keep an eye on log files is tail. Here are a few examples:
tail -f /var/log/syslog
tail -n25 /var/log/mail.log
tail -F /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
You’ll notice that each command above used a different option. Let me explain what each does.
-f, –follow : output appended data as the file grows
-n, –lines: output the last N lines, instead of the last 10; or use +N to output lines starting with the Nth
-F: same as –follow –retry
–retry: keep trying to open a file even if it is inaccessible when tail starts or if it becomes inaccessible later
Also note that ctrl-c will stop the -f or –follow options.
One thing that I’ve learned in all my troubleshooting and administration is that the system almost always tells you what the problem is. The trick is to simply know where to look. /var/log/messages, /var/log/syslog and other files in the /var/log/ directory will almost surely have the answer.